Located close to the main gate of Bhaktapur Durbar Square, SiddhaPokhari is one of the biggest and oldest artificial ponds in Bhaktapur, Nepal. It is also known as Ta Pukhu, which means “Big Pond” in the Newar language, and is sometimes referred to as Indra Daha. SiddhaPokhari is not only a natural oasis but a banner of Bhaktapur’s cultural, religious, and historic architecture.
In terms of its history and origin, SiddhaPokhari has a rich background both historically and mythologically. Its origin goes back to the Lichhavi period (c. 250 AD) or during the Malla rule from the early 13th to 15th centuries. The size of the pond itself is quite impressive, measuring approximately 171 meters to 275 meters in length and about 72 to 92 meters in width, with a depth of 3 to 4 meters, making it one of the more substantial ponds in the Kathmandu Valley.
Historical Background and Origin
SiddhaPokhari’s origins are steeped in history and mythology, with evidence pointing to its existence either as far back as the Lichhavi period (circa 250 AD) or during the Malla dynasty in the early 13th to 15th centuries. The pond covers an impressive area, approximately 171 to 275 meters long and about 72 to 92 meters wide, with a depth of 3 to 4 meters, making it one of the largest ponds in the Kathmandu Valley.
Two prominent origin theories persist:
- Lichhavi Period Origin: Some historians believe SiddhaPokhari is a natural pond dating to the Lichhavi era, supported by the presence of a Shiva Linga at the pond’s center and ancient stone carvings that resemble styles from that period. This theory posits the pond as over 1,700 years old.
- Malla Period Construction: Another strong historical account credits the construction and development of SiddhaPokhari to King Ari Malla in the early 13th century, with significant expansion or renovation by King Yakshya Malla in the 15th century. Yakshya Malla is famous for his patronage in Bhaktapur’s architectural heritage, and the pond’s rectangular, stone-embanked form aligns with Newari architectural styles from this golden age. The pond was originally designed as a royal ritual bathing site, a community water source, and a ceremonial venue.
The name Indra Daha, links SiddhaPokhari to the local god Indra, who is the king of gods in the Hindu mythology, and “Daha” referring to a pond. There are numerous folklore stories from locals attributing the pool’s fabrication to King Indrajit. Every year, during the most celebrated festival in Bhaktapur Indra Jatra, (Local: Yenya Punhi), the idol of goddess Indrayani is taken to the pond where she is exposed all night, with the pond illuminated with beautiful oil lamps, (indeed considered to be one of the most beautiful scenes in all of Bhaktapur). As part of the religious rituals, people also bathe at SiddhaPokhari before worshipping Indrayani, underscoring that the location has a strong continuing association with spiritual importance.
Architectural and Cultural Features
SiddhaPokhari is a reflection of the traditional Newar water management and urban design:
- The pond is rectangular in shape with sloped stone embankments framing the pond.
- The ghats (stone steps) descend down toward the water and are used for ritual bathing in the river during festivals.
- There are many ancient stone idols and shrines around the pond depicting the deities Baraha, Buddha, Vishnu, Indra, Surya and many more that are still worshipped by the local community.
- A quiet walkway surrounds SiddhaPokhri, providing comfortable space for the user to be in repose and space to observe the calm water surface.
- Historical uses for SiddhaPokhari were as a water source, a location for religious cleansing, worship and engagement during festivals as a community space.
Spiritual and Ritual Importance
The religious function of SiddhaPokhari is still an important motif in the cultural life of Bhaktapur. During the large Ta Pukhu Mela that takes place every year in the month of Ashwin (September–October), worshippers bathe in the sacred water and believe the pond can cleanse them of sins and provide them blessings. Floating offerings of lotus flowers, rice and oil lamps are commonly seen at this event demonstrating processes of reverence and actions that reveal the ongoing spiritual connection that this community has to the pond.
The connection of the pond to Indra, the lord of lords, has further sanctified this space. When SiddhaPokhari is lit during the Indra Jatra Festival, and the friends of SiddhaPokhari devote themselves in ritual bathing, the pond remains a holy site of engagement between divine attribution and people’s devotion.
Modern-Day Relevance and Tourism
Today, SiddhaPokhari is free, open, and has a well-maintained, public space feel. Locals and tourists alike enjoy being around the pond. It is an oasis for teenage couples exploring their options, and for visitors seeking a quiet place away from the loud Kathmandu city space, populated with cars and motorcycles and unpretentious street vendors. Vendors in the area sell fish food (which is quite cheap) to feed the plentiful fish in the pond.
It is located behind Bhaktapur Hospital, in the Dudhpati area, a self-contained area to explore local food and photo taking. You can easily reach SiddhaPokhari via a local bus from one of the other bus stops in either Kathmandu or Bhaktapur. Visitors are also excited about the sunrises and sunsets over the water, the beautiful mountains and hills, making it one of the quieter and more photographic locations in Bhaktapur.
SiddhaPokhari was also completely used up following the devastation of the 1934 earthquake, which changed much of the heritage structures in Bhaktapur. SiddhaPokhari was quickly rebuilt and continues to remain a focus of resilience and honouring our history and sense of people’s connection.
In recognition of SiddhaPokhari’s stature as one of the main sites incorporating Bhaktapur’s declared UNESCO Heritage zone, conservation efforts and sustainability tourism initiatives have renewed public interest into preserving the area’s past, while utilizing its potential.
Conclusion
Siddha Pokhari is much more than a historical pond; it truly represents a living cultural and spiritual oasis, with hundreds of years of devotion, community participation and architectural excellence. Siddha Pokhari integrates nature, religion and history as it allows a digital glimpse into the cultural world of the Newar people and Bhaktapur’s rich traditions. Whether you come to see the artistry, engage in the rituals or simply appreciate the peacefulness- Siddha Pokhari gives you the opportunity to connect with Nepal’s culture and an unforgettable experience.
This incredible pond – Siddha Pokhari, Ta Pukhu, Indra Daha – is a reminder of the amazing legacies of sacred water bodies and community spaces Bhaktapur has to offer.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the historical significance of SiddhaPokhari?
SiddhaPokhari dates back to the Licchavi period or the Malla period, with major construction attributed to King Yakshya Malla in the 15th century. It stands as a testament to Bhaktapur’s rich cultural history and advanced urban planning, serving as a royal ritual pond, community water source, and a ceremonial site associated with Hindu and Buddhist traditions.
When is the best time to visit SiddhaPokhari?
The best times to visit SiddhaPokhari are early mornings or late afternoons when it is less crowded. Visiting during the Indra Jatra festival or the Ta Pukhu Mela in the month of Ashwin (September–October) is especially captivating, as traditional rituals and beautiful decorations take place around the pond.
Is there an entry fee to visit SiddhaPokhari?
SiddhaPokhari itself does not have an entry fee and is open to the public. However, since it is located within Bhaktapur, which is a heritage city, there is sometimes a general entrance fee to enter the city area where the pond is located.